15 Chicago/Turabian Formatting
ChatGPT
***This is placeholder content generated by ChatGPT and has not been verified for accuracy.***
Chicago/Turabian style is a citation format commonly used in academic writing, particularly in history, social sciences, and some humanities. It provides guidelines for writers to follow when referencing sources in their written work, including footnotes or endnotes and bibliographies. The following guide will provide an overview of the basics of citing sources in Chicago/Turabian style.
Footnotes or endnotes
Chicago/Turabian style uses footnotes or endnotes to acknowledge the sources of information used in a written work. Footnotes are typically placed at the bottom of each page, while endnotes are placed at the end of a chapter or the entire document. They provide detailed information about the source and direct the reader to the bibliography or reference list.
The first time a source is cited in a document, a full citation is required. Subsequent citations of the same source can be abbreviated.
For example:
Book:
John Smith, The Role of Social Support in Reducing Stress Levels (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 45.
Smith, The Role of Social Support, 56.
Journal article:
Rachel A. Johnson, et al., “The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health: A Meta-analysis,” Journal of Health Psychology 20, no. 1 (2018): 34.
Johnson, “The Effects of Exercise,” 45.
If the source has multiple authors, include all authors’ names in the first citation, separated by commas. In subsequent citations, use only the first author’s name followed by “et al.”
For example:
Jane Doe, John Smith, and Emily Jones, The Impact of Social Media on Self-esteem (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), 101.
Doe et al., The Impact of Social Media, 105.
Bibliography or reference list
The bibliography or reference list provides a comprehensive list of all sources cited in a written work. It should be arranged in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. Each citation should include the author’s last name, first name, title of the work, publication information (publisher, city, and year), and page numbers (if applicable).
For example:
Smith, John. The Role of Social Support in Reducing Stress Levels. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Johnson, Rachel A., et al. “The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health: A Meta-analysis.” Journal of Health Psychology 20, no. 1 (2018): 34-45.
Electronic sources
When citing electronic sources, include the same information as for print sources, but also include the date of access and the URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
For example:
Jones, Tom. “The Impact of Social Media on Self-esteem.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 20, no. 2 (2017): 101-110. Accessed March 23, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0320.
Smith, John. “The Role of Mindfulness in Stress Reduction.” Psychology Today, December 12, 2019. Accessed March 23, 2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mindfulness-in-everyday-life/201912/the-role-mindfulness-in-stress-reduction.
Additional considerations
Chicago/Turabian style also includes guidelines for formatting the first page of a document, headings, margins, and spacing. These guidelines should be followed closely to ensure consistency throughout the document.
In summary, citing sources in Chicago/Turabian style requires careful attention to detail and consistency. Footnotes or endnotes should include detailed information about the source and direct the reader to the bibliography.
***This is placeholder content generated by ChatGPT and has not been verified for accuracy.***
